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14:57, 3 October 2024 ‎CKD-EPI Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) calculator (hist | edit) ‎[996 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Calculator according to the CKD-EPI equation'''. This is the latest version from 2021, currently recommended, no longer taking ethnicity into account (a criterion that has never demonstrated clinical utility and is likely to contribute to the documented discrimination in access to care). {{#widget:CKD}} == Formula == GFR (CKD-EPI 2021) = 142 x (Scr/A)''B'' x 0.9938age x (1.012 if female) As follows: * For a wom...")
16:56, 26 September 2024 ‎Intracranial lymphomas (hist | edit) ‎[12,947 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Intracranial lymphomas''' represent all malignant intracranial lymphoid proliferations, whether primary or secondary. They are rare and generally have a very poor prognosis even with treatment.General information regarding malignant lymphomas is covered in another chapter. == Primary Cerebral Lymphomas (PCL) == These are Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) that develop in the brain,...") Tag: Visual edit
16:25, 26 September 2024 ‎Acute adult leukemia (hist | edit) ‎[4,200 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Acute leukemias in adults''' represent a heterogeneous group characterized by a monoclonal proliferation of immature hematopoietic cells invading the bone marrow, followed by the blood and other tissues.There are three main forms based on the nature of the blast proliferation: myeloid (~70%), lymphoid (~20%), or biphenotypic (~10%). Their incidence is ~3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, increasing with...") Tag: Visual edit
15:59, 26 September 2024 ‎Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (hist | edit) ‎[7,157 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Waldenström disease''', or '''Waldenström''' '''macroglobulinemia''', is a chronic B-cell lymphoproliferative syndrome characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the bone marrow and the presence of a monoclonal IgM-type serum immunoglobulin.Some consider it to be an evolving form of low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). It is the first diagnosis to consider in the case of an IgM spike in electrophoresis.<p style="text-align: l...") Tag: Visual edit
15:41, 26 September 2024 ‎Breast cancer (hist | edit) ‎[12,329 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among females. It will affect 1 in 7 women in Western countries and is rare in men. Its incidence is increasing (due to rising risk factors). ==Risk Factors== *Age, obesity, animal fats, alcohol (more than 2 glasses/day), sedentary lifestyle *Nulliparity or low parity, first pregnancy after age 30, early menarche, late menopause *Perso...") Tag: Visual edit
14:59, 26 September 2024 ‎Limbic encephalitis (hist | edit) ‎[16,737 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The limbic encephalitides (LE) are defined as a group of autoimmune inflammatory pathologies of the central nervous system characterized by an initially predominant temporal-mesial involvement. They are considered rare (epidemiology indeterminable) and are difficult to diagnose.The majority of cases fall within the framework of a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (related to the presence of an underlyi...") Tag: Visual edit
14:21, 26 September 2024 ‎Glioblastomas (hist | edit) ‎[651 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Glioblastomas''' are malignant tumors of the central nervous system classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as grade IV gliomas. It can arise de novo or following transformation of a lower-grade glioma. It is one of the most frequent primary brain tumors, with an incidence of ≈ 5 cases/ 100,000 inhabitants/ year. Unfortunately, its prognosis remains particularly poor Details of its management are covered in the chapter devoted to high-grade gliomas.{{...") Tag: Visual edit
14:11, 26 September 2024 ‎Hepatocellular carcinoma (hist | edit) ‎[6,256 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The hepatocellular carcinoma (or "liver cancer") is a malignant primary tumor of the liver. It represents the most frequent of the primary liver tumors. Its incidence, which is increasing, is 2 to 10 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year in Western countries, with a sex ratio of 5 men to 1 woman. The vast majority of cases occur during the course of cirrhosis. Its prognosis is very severe, with a median survival of less than 3 months a...") Tag: Visual edit
13:49, 26 September 2024 ‎High-grade gliomas (hist | edit) ‎[16,018 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''High-grade gliomas''' (grades III and IV) are primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system originating from glial cells. They include anaplastic astrocytomas, anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, and glioblastomas. The most common in adults is glioblastoma multiforme (the most aggressive grade IV glioma), with an incidence of approximately 5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Despite an extremely low...") Tag: Visual edit
13:10, 26 September 2024 ‎Grade II gliomas (hist | edit) ‎[9,084 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Grade II''' '''gliomas''', tumors of the central nervous system derived from the glial lineage (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), are classically classified as "low-grade gliomas" alongside grade I gliomas. However, unlike the latter, they have an infiltrative character and spontaneously and inexorably evolve toward anaplasia and their transformation into high-grade gliomas. They are therefore now considered true malignant lesions, and their management has shifted fro...") Tag: Visual edit
12:54, 26 September 2024 ‎Meningeal gliomatosis (hist | edit) ‎[1,594 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Gliomatous meningitis''' is a tumoral meningitis defined as diffuse invasion of the meninges by glioma cells. It occurs in 4-20% of cerebral gliomas. Primary forms are exceptional. The clinical picture is similar to that of carcinomatous meningitis, dominated by meningeal signs (headache, etc.), involvement of the cranial pairs, spinal pain and bilateral or tilting radicular pain. The diagnosis should be made in the presence of any unexplained multifocal neurologica...") Tag: Visual edit
12:36, 26 September 2024 ‎Rhabdomyolysis (hist | edit) ‎[13,888 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "A '''rhabdomyolysis''' is a clinico-biological syndrome resulting from the massive destruction of striated muscle cells, leading to the release of their contents into the bloodstream. Its causes are numerous, but the majority of cases result from a crush syndrome (prolonged muscle crushes and polytrauma). Its diagnosis relies on a poorly defined accumulation of clinical and biological signs. Some authors, however, consider that a serum creatine kinase (CK) level...") Tag: Visual edit
12:14, 26 September 2024 ‎Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (hist | edit) ‎[12,693 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "A '''syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion''' '''(SIADH)''' results from an abnormally high circulating level of antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin or arginine-vasopressin or AVP) relative to the clinical context, or an equivalent "ADH-like" substance. It is biologically defined as an excess of free water, leading to hypo-osmolar hyponatremia in clinically normovolemic patients (the water excess is generally subclinical due to intracel...") Tag: Visual edit
11:42, 26 September 2024 ‎Disseminated intravascular coagulation (hist | edit) ‎[4,421 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Disseminated intravascular coagulation''' (DIC) refers to the systemic activation of coagulation mechanisms, leading to the simultaneous formation of intravascular thrombi, secondary hemorrhages due to reactive fibrinolysis, and the consumption of procoagulant factors and platelets. It is always a secondary acquired syndrome that can result from numerous conditions, with a severe prognosis. The diagnosis is based on a set of clinical and bi...") Tag: Visual edit
11:20, 26 September 2024 ‎Hypophosphatemia (hist | edit) ‎[1,277 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "A '''hypophosphatemia''' is defined as a serum phosphate level < 0.77 mmol/l, subject to the reference laboratory standards. == Clinical Presentation == Weakness, lethargy, decreased contractility of respiratory muscles, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac depression, encephalopathy, dysphagia, ileus, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, impaired leukocyte and platelet functions. It is common in intensive care units, where it is generally multifactor...") Tag: Visual edit
11:11, 26 September 2024 ‎Hyperphosphatemia (hist | edit) ‎[2,063 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "A '''hyperphosphatemia''' is defined by a phosphate level greater than 1.45 mmol/l, subject to the reference laboratory's norms. It is rarely encountered and generally asymptomatic. It most often occurs in expected conditions: renal failure or cellular lysis (extensive necrosis, tumor lysis syndrome). There is a diurnal variation in phosphate levels of up to 0.4 mmol/l (lower values in the morning than at night). == Clinical Presentation == Hyperphosphatemia is general...") Tag: Visual edit
11:01, 26 September 2024 ‎Hypomagnesemia (hist | edit) ‎[2,518 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "A '''hypomagnesemia''' is defined by a magnesium level < 0.7 mmol/l, subject to the reference laboratory's own norms. It is frequently encountered in hospitalized patients (affects 10% of patients, up to 70% in the ICU). == Clinical Presentation == General weakness, irritability, depression, lethargy, paresthesias, tremors, hyperreflexia, cramps, tetany, arrhythmias, Chvostek and Trousseau signs, fasciculations...") Tag: Visual edit
10:58, 25 September 2024 ‎Hyperkalemia (hist | edit) ‎[3,380 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "A hyperkalemia is defined as a blood potassium concentration > 5 mmol/l, subject to the specific standards of the reference laboratory. It is the most serious of electrolyte disorders. == Clinical Presentation == Hyperkalemia is more symptomatic when it develops rapidly. Symptoms may include paresthesia, weakness, hyperreflexia followed by hyporeflexia, confusion, and potentially fatal arrhythmia...") Tag: Visual edit
10:21, 25 September 2024 ‎Hypermagnesemia (hist | edit) ‎[2,319 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Hypermagnesemia''' is defined as a serum magnesium level greater than 0.9 mmol/l, subject to the reference laboratory's specific standards. It is a rare electrolyte disorder and is usually asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. Severe, life-threatening cases are exceptionally rare and typically occur in patients with (pre)-terminal renal failure or multisystem failure. == Clinical Presentation == <...") Tag: Visual edit
10:06, 25 September 2024 ‎Acquired hypocupremia (hist | edit) ‎[6,040 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Acquired hypocupremia''' refers to an acquired serum copper deficiency. With many causes, it most commonly results from malabsorption following bariatric surgery. Its hematological and neurological manifestations, which can be severe, are similar to those of vitamin B12 deficiency. Since the clinical progression is generally insidious, the diagnosis is often made late (several months to several years after the onset of symptoms). == Cop...") Tag: Visual edit
06:54, 25 September 2024 ‎Atherosclerotic pathology and supra-aortic stenosis (hist | edit) ‎[6,592 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''stenosis of the supra-aortic arteries''' are common, with their incidence being directly related to age and cardiovascular risk factors. Their main complications are the occurrence of ischemic strokes. They are also an important marker of coronary artery disease risk. == Occlusive lesions of the internal carotid arteries == === Complications and risks === *Ipsilateral stroke: causes ~10% of strokes *Indicate a major risk of cardiovascular events. Theref...") Tag: Visual edit
05:33, 25 September 2024 ‎Acute lower limb ischemia (hist | edit) ‎[11,256 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "An '''acute limb ischemia''' is an acute tissue distress induced by a sudden and critical decrease in blood supply of oxygen. It can result from arterial occlusion or, more rarely, from extensive deep vein thrombosis (phlegmasia cerulea dolens).This is a medical-surgical emergency. The mortality rate is approximately 25% (increases with age). == Etiologies == *EMBOLI (40 to 50%) : the most affect...") Tag: Visual edit
03:46, 25 September 2024 ‎Intestinal ischemia: mesenteric infarction, ischemic colitis and abdominal angina (hist | edit) ‎[10,937 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Intestinal '''ischemias''' encompass the suffering of the intestinal wall induced by a critical decrease in blood supply of oxygen. They can result from a reduction in arterial flow or an obstruction to venous return. Their clinical manifestations are dominated by abdominal pain. They primarily affect individuals over 60 years old with underlying cardiovascular risk factors. '''Chronic intestinal ischemia''' or...") Tag: Visual edit
02:59, 25 September 2024 ‎Behçet disease (hist | edit) ‎[10,429 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Behçet's disease''' is a primary vasculitis with a lymphocytic or neutrophilic predominance depending on the age of the lesions, affecting vessels of all sizes but with a preference for small vessels. It is a rare disease with a prevalence varying from 0.1 to 7.5 per 100,000 inhabitants in Europe to 80 to 370 per 100,000 in Turkey. It usually begins between the ages of 20 and 30. Mortality is very low...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
01:42, 25 September 2024 ‎Kawasaki disease (hist | edit) ‎[5,424 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Kawasaki disease''' is a primary vasculitis affecting medium-sized vessels (including coronary arteries) with concurrent inflammation of the mucous membranes. Clinically, it is characterized by a febrile presentation and a polymorphic exanthem, possibly accompanied by non-specific signs. Its main complication arises from coronary issues during the convalescent phase. It is rare but the second most common vasc...") Tag: Visual edit
16:21, 24 September 2024 ‎Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) (hist | edit) ‎[3,534 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Buerger's disease''' or '''thromboangiitis obliterans''' is a primary vasculitis of small and medium caliber blood vessels (arteries and veins). The term "vasculitis" is debated because the involvement is primarily endovascular (thrombus rich in inflammatory cells), with the vascular walls being relatively spared. It is a rare disease (prevalence of 1 to 10 per 100,000 inhabitants in Europe) primarily affecti...") Tag: Visual edit
14:54, 24 September 2024 ‎Cerebrovascular pathology and hemopathies (hist | edit) ‎[12,593 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Hematological disorders represent rare causes of strokes''' (≈ 1% in the general population but 2 to 16% in those under 50 years).In cases of known hematological disorders, in patients under 50 years, or with certain clinical or biological warning signs, they should be systematically considered (potential specific treatment) during a stroke. == Pathologies of Red Blood Cells: Anemias == <p style="text-...") Tag: Visual edit
13:48, 24 September 2024 ‎Cerebrovascular pathology, pregnancy and post-partum (hist | edit) ‎[12,799 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Cerebrovascular pathologies''' are rare during the peripartum period but account for 4 to 11% of peripartum maternal deaths. They occur predominantly in the third trimester of pregnancy and in the first few weeks postpartum.These pathologies are not specific to the peripartum period, and although various physiological changes are classically mentioned, the literature does not conclusively indicate a significa...") Tag: Visual edit
12:46, 24 September 2024 ‎Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) (hist | edit) ‎[2,622 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Microscopic polyangiitis''' (MPA) is a primary necrotizing vasculitis of small vessels (arterioles, capillaries, venules) without granulomas. Although it is characterized by the presence of focal segmental glomerulonephritis in 80-100% of cases, MPA can affect all organs and, unlike polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), pulmonary involvement is common.It is a rare to exceptionally rare di...") Tag: Visual edit
15:44, 23 September 2024 ‎IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) (hist | edit) ‎[8,110 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Henoch-Schönlein purpura''', also known as '''Henoch-Schönlein disease''' or '''IgA vasculitis''', is a primary vasculitis of small vessels (arterioles, capillaries, venules) characterized by polymorphous perivascular infiltration, focal fibrinoid necrosis of the vascular wall, and the presence of granular deposits of IgA (+- C3, IgG, IgM, fibrin, properdin) in the wall of dermal capillaries and/or glomeruli, as well as in the mesangium....") Tag: Visual edit
14:54, 23 September 2024 ‎Wells score for deep vein thrombosis (hist | edit) ‎[1,086 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''Wells score for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)''' has been shown to be related to the probability of DVT of the lower limbs. In the event of clinical suspicion of DVT, a low Wells score (or an intermediate score, depending on the case) should lead to D-dimer measurement. A high (or intermediate, depending on the case) Wells score should be followed by a Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs, without D-dimer testing, or regardless of the value of D-dimer testing if it...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
10:15, 23 September 2024 ‎Wells score for pulmonary embolism (hist | edit) ‎[1,190 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''Wells score for pulmonary embolism''' has been shown to be related to the probability of pulmonary embolism, and plays an important role in the guidelines for its management. In the event of clinical suspicion, a low Wells score (or intermediate score, depending on the case) should lead to a D-dimer assay. A high (or intermediate, depending on the case) Wells score should be followed by a thoracic angio-CT-scan (or lung scan) without D-dimer measurement, or indepe...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
09:28, 23 September 2024 ‎Anticoagulants: indications, overdoses and complications (hist | edit) ‎[7,316 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Overdoses and complications of anticoagulant treatments''' are common in outpatient practice and even more so in inpatient settings. Generally easy to correct, they must be recognized quickly to avoid hemorrhagic consequences. == General Information and Indications == === Unfractionated Heparin === Administered only IV via syringe pumps, it has three advantages: * Rapidly effective and quickly reversible action * Effective antidote (protamine) * Easy monitoring (aP...") Tag: Visual edit
07:39, 23 September 2024 ‎Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) (hist | edit) ‎[2,915 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis''' or '''Churg-Strauss syndrome''' (CSS) is an allergic granulomatous vasculitis characterized by necrotizing inflammation of small- to medium-caliber blood vessels, marked by the presence of eosinophilic infiltrates and giant cell granulomas peri- and extravascularly. == Clinical == The clinical presentation is similar to that of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN):...") Tag: Visual edit
07:21, 23 September 2024 ‎Vasculitis of the central nervous system (hist | edit) ‎[13,037 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''vasculitides of the central nervous system''' constitute a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by inflammatory lesions of the vessel walls in the central nervous system. Their etiologies are diverse, their clinico-radiological presentation is polymorphic, and their diagnosis, requiring (semi)-invasive examinations, is challenging.The most difficult differential diagnosis is that of acute rever...") Tag: Visual edit
06:34, 23 September 2024 ‎Vasculitis - overview (hist | edit) ‎[10,208 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Vasculitis''' refers to a group of disorders characterized by inflammatory involvement of blood vessels, leading to structural changes in their walls. All types of vessels can be affected, and clinical manifestations are very heterogeneous. Vasculitis can be classified into secondary vasculitis (++ infectious origin), which are common, and primary vasculitis, which are rare. However, it's worth noting that as...") Tag: Visual edit
04:38, 23 September 2024 ‎Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis) (hist | edit) ‎[5,111 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Granulomatosis with polyangiitis''' (Wegener's granulomatosis or Wegener's disease) is a primary granulomatous vasculitis of small vessels (arterioles, capillaries, and venules) characterized by the presence of acute circumferential angiitis and necrotizing giant cell granulomas. It is a rare disease, with a prevalence of 2 to 3/100,000 inhabitants. There is a seasonal predominance during winter and sp...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
17:08, 22 September 2024 ‎Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) (hist | edit) ‎[5,737 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Polyarteritis nodosa''' (PAN) is a primary vasculitis of small and medium-sized arteries, characterized by necrosis and the absence of granulomas. Its lesions are segmental (alternating between healthy and affected areas) and transmural, predominantly affecting arterial bifurcations with possible aneurysmal dilatations or thromboses. The inflammatory infiltrate is mainly composed of neutrophils (PNN). Healing occurs through fibrosis, leading to arterial occlusion. Th...") Tag: Visual edit
06:16, 22 September 2024 ‎Takayasu arteritis (hist | edit) ‎[5,426 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Takayasu arteritis''' is a primary vasculitis of large-caliber arteries (aorta and its branches, pulmonary arteries), characterized by giant cell granulomatous inflammation. Its etiology is unknown, but it is significantly associated with autoimmune diseases and states of hypercoagulability. It is a rare disease, predominantly found in Asia (Japan, India, Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia), Mexico, South America, and Africa. Its incidence is approximately 1 to 2 cases...") Tag: Visual edit
07:54, 20 September 2024 ‎Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) (hist | edit) ‎[21,248 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT)''' is much rarer than arterial strokes and has a better prognosis, but it must be recognized because it is amenable to effective treatment. Its incidence is 5 per million inhabitants per year, and it accounts for 0.5 to 1% of strokes. However, it is potentially underdiagnosed, as it has been found in up to 10% of autopsies. It typically affects one or more venous sinuses, rarely a cortical vein. It may or may not cause a cerebral infa...") Tag: Visual edit
09:49, 16 September 2024 ‎Spinal cord stroke (hist | edit) ‎[1,396 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Spinal vascular accidents''', whether ischemic or hemorrhagic, are rare and not well understood. They represent medical emergencies, with their management poorly defined and typically based by consensus on the protocols for cerebral strokes, which are supported by solid evidence. For spinal infarcts, the primary goal is to exclude an embolic cause, aortic pathology, infectious, inflammatory, or hematological issues, myocardial infarction, spinal compression, or venous...") Tag: Visual edit
09:35, 16 September 2024 ‎Non-traumatic intramedullary hemorrhage (hematomyelia) (hist | edit) ‎[3,291 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Non-traumatic intramedullary hemorrhages''' (a form of spinal vascular accident), or hematomyelias, are the rarest form of intraspinal hemorrhages. They can occur in isolation or be associated with a spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). They are considered a surgical emergency until proven otherwise. == '''Etiologies''' == * Idiopathic (related to hypertension? microangiopathies?) * Vascular malformations of spinal and/or epidural arteries: the prima...") Tag: Visual edit
08:14, 16 September 2024 ‎Spinal cord veinous thromboses (hist | edit) ‎[2,288 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Spinal venous thromboses''' (a form of spinal vascular accident) are rare. They may or may not lead to an infarct, which could be secondary to hemorrhage, and generally do not correspond to arterial territories (high individual variability of venous networks, rapid development of collaterals, and frequent multiplicity of thrombotic sites). Although they are not well-known and their management is poorly codified, they constitute medical emergencies. The functional pro...") Tag: Visual edit
07:35, 16 September 2024 ‎Arterial infarction of spinal cord (hist | edit) ‎[10,189 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "An '''arterial medullary ischemic infarction''' (a form of spinal vascular accident) refers to acute spinal cord injury caused by a sudden and critical decrease in oxygen supply. If perfusion is quickly restored, the event may not result in permanent spinal cord damage (TIA = transient ischemic attack). In the more common scenario, the ischemic area leads to a permanent necrotic zone (established stroke). These are very rare occurrences. The preferred locations are thor...") Tag: Visual edit
05:52, 16 September 2024 ‎Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (hist | edit) ‎[4,504 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Vertebrobasilar insufficiency''' refers to the entire range of symptoms caused by a reduction in blood flow in the posterior cerebral circulation. == Etiologies == === Vertebrobasilar stenosis === The mechanism of vertebrobasilar insufficiency is usually hemodynamic, typically associated with atherosclerotic lesions of the vertebral arteries or the basilar trunk (deregulation of distal vertebral and basilar flow, usually in the absence of collateral supply from the...") Tag: Visual edit
03:50, 16 September 2024 ‎Vascular dementias (hist | edit) ‎[5,673 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Vascular dementias''' encompass all types of dementia caused by cerebrovascular, cardiovascular diseases, or blood flow issues. They are considered the second leading cause (25 to 50% of cases) of dementia in developed countries and the first in developing countries. Approximately 30% of patients who have suffered a stroke will subsequently develop dementia (RR = 3 to 6). Sharing age as a major risk factor with other types of dementias, they co-exist with another cau...") Tag: Visual edit
06:16, 15 September 2024 ‎Modified Denver screening criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury (hist | edit) ‎[2,083 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''modified Denver screening criteria''' for blunt cerebrovascular injury are used to identify patients requiring angiographic screening for cervico-encephalic arterial dissection after craniocervical trauma, and are widely used in clinical practice today. It should be noted, however, that there is no solid evidence of any difference in diagnostic performance between the original Denver criteria, the modified criteria or even the extended modified criteria (far too b...") Tag: Visual edit
01:35, 15 September 2024 ‎Non-traumatic subarachnoid (= meningeal) hemorrhages (hist | edit) ‎[20,595 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH)''' or "meningeal hemorrhages" refer to bleeding into the subarachnoid space. When excluding traumatic cases, they represent a form of hemorrhagic stroke, with the most common etiology being the rupture of an arterial aneurysm. Besides general and symptomatic management, an urgent etiological treatment is typically required. They account for approximately 5% of hemorrhagic strokes (1 case per 10,000 people per year), but they are the mos...") Tag: Visual edit
20:02, 14 September 2024 ‎Piriformis syndrome (hist | edit) ‎[4,411 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Piriformis syndrome''' is a chronic pain syndrome resulting from compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle. It is a rare syndrome, essentially a clinical diagnosis of exclusion. Its therapeutic management is the responsibility of physical medicine and/or orthopedic surgery. == Pathophysiological elements == This syndrome results from the compression of the sciatic nerve by the surrounding muscles at its emergence between the piriformis muscle above a...") Tag: Visual edit
05:26, 14 September 2024 ‎Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) (hist | edit) ‎[6,966 bytes] ‎Dr Shanan Khairi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)''' is a dilation involving all layers of the arterial wall with an anteroposterior diameter greater than 35 mm in men and greater than 30 mm in women (some consider a 30 mm limit regardless of gender). The prevalence is ~1% in men aged 55-64, and it increases by 2-4% every 10 years. Depending on the series, it is present in 3 to 8 men for every woman and is slightly more common in Caucasian populations. It is usually asymptomatic or min...") Tag: Visual edit